King Kamehameha the Great (1756-1819) is Hawaii’s greatest historical figure. Born in the Kohala district of the Big Island, Kamehameha unified the Hawaiian islands under one rule and set the stage for the kingdom’s proud-but-turbulent monarchy period.
There are four statues: one in downtown Honolulu, in front of the Iolani Palace. Another is the original statue at the king’s birthplace in Kapa'au on the Big Island, a 14-foot, five-ton statue in Hilo, Hawaii. Lastly, Washington, D.C. in the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. His statues consist of a helmet of rare feathers attached to woven plant fibers. The gilded cloak is based on one that Kamehameha's subjects made by weaving yellow feathers of native birds into a fine mesh net. The spear in his left hand symbolizes the ability to defend oneself and one's nation; it is also a reminder that Kamehameha ended the wars among the Hawaiian people. His right hand is extended in a gesture of aloha, the traditional spirit of friendly greeting.
To honor his legacy, annually King Kamehameha Day is celebrated on June 11th, and the statues of King Kamehameha in Washington and in Hawai‘i are draped with leis. Before or during the celebration, a conch shell, or Pu, is blown, a religious and secular tradition in Hawaiian culture. The blowing of the Pu is a call to the divine. For many Hawaiians, it also symbolizes the first four Hawaiian male gods (Kane, Lono, Ku, and Kanaloa). King Kamehameha Day is the only holiday in the United States that celebrates a king.
Established by King Kamehameha V (Prince Lot) in 1871, King Kamehameha Day was first celebrated on June 11, 1872. The day was marked by grand festivities on every island. Following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i in 1893, the holiday continued to be recognized but in a more subdued manner. In 1904, Prince Kūhiō re-established the festive celebration of Kamehameha Day. Today, there are lei draping ceremonies, parades, and other events across the Hawaiian Islands.
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